After replacement of culture medium, cells were cultured with 200 M PA and/or 100 nM exenatide in the presence or absence of 10 M Foxrkhead box protein O1 (FoxO1) inhibitor (AS1842856, MedChemExpress, USA) for 24 h
Eligible participants were youth with newly diagnosed T2D who received GLP-1RA or metformin monotherapy between January 2022 and March 2024
Emerging evidence suggests they may exert anabolic effects on bone, mitigate skeletal damage associated with obesity and diabetes, promote wound healing, and reduce perioperative complications
Preclinical work demonstrates incretin receptor gene and protein expression in female reproductive tissues such as ovary and uterine structures in animal models, supporting the concept that incretin signalling can interact with reproductive physiologyagain, not equivalent to a clinically meaningful direct vaginal mucosal effect in humans
This is particularly concerning for menopausal women, who are already at risk for muscle loss (sarcopenia) due to aging and lower estrogen